A B S T R A C T The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Both library AND field methods have collected the information required for this research. The statistical population of the research consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht AND Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, AND the sample size according to the Cochran formula was 364. The study results of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of spatial connectivity indicators indicated that among the investigated complexes, Rahan residential complex had the lowest connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes, AND the highest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of SPACEs AND accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access AND communication in Kasra complex is lower. Moreover, Rezvan has been suitable AND successful. It is said that the increase of connection in PUBLIC SPACEs occurs with increase of sociability. Among the other results of this research, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient among the investigated components. In the first place, the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, the multi-purpose component with a path coefficient of 231 0.0 in the third place, the SECURITY component with a path coefficient of 0.162 is in the fourth place AND the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place with a path coefficient of 0.153 Extended Abstract Introduction In the PUBLIC SPACE of neighborhoods AND residential environments, the issue of sociability has been less addressed. PUBLIC SPACEs can boost the social life of citizens by strengthening social interactions AND being involved in social sustainability. The residential environment conveys the residents a sense of well-being AND satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to the different arrangements of the blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of the PUBLIC SPACE in it, which, according to the way they are arranged, have different potentials from the point of view of sociability in them. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people AND reduces the sense of belonging to a place, SECURITY, AND other issues caused by not paying attention to the quality of collective life in housing. The main question is: - What are the components of the spatial structure affecting the sociability of residential complexes in the city of Kermanshah?   Methodology The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library AND field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht AND Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, AND the sample size was estimated to be 364 people using the Cochran formula. Factors such as the ease of access to the complexes, the willingness AND cooperation of the residents AND the management of the complexes were also influential in selecting the samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate the sociability of residential complexes based on the   theoretical framework prepared in the present research, the physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection AND depth" in each of The studied samples have been evaluated AND analyzed in PUBLIC SPACEs including the playground, gathering SPACE, parking lot, AND lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software AND structural equation modeling software to analyze the data.   Results AND discussion In this research, the relation of sociability of PUBLIC SPACEs of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex AND Zeytoun residential complex as the basis of the research case. Among the samples studied, Rahan residential complex has the lowest connectivity index compared to other complexes; the largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht AND Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the PUBLIC SPACEs of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the SPACEs will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of the SPACEs AND accesses in the Rahan complex is very weak AND lower than the rest of the complexes. According to the numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex AND following that Kasra AND Rezvan complexes are at the same level of performance, AND Azadi AND Hasht Behesht complexes have the best performance in this aspect; the placement of access AND communications in Kasra AND Rezvan complexes has been appropriate AND successful. It is said that the increase of connection in PUBLIC SPACEs occurs with the increase of sociability. Among the investigated sociability components, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient. In the first place the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, AND the multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In the third place, the SECURITY component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in the fourth place, AND the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in the common SPACEs of residential complexes allows one to be with others comfortably AND effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near the door for a short time, AND even sometimes look out of the window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine the condition of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of sociability. The results showed that Rahan residential complex had the lowest level of connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes AND the largest share of this. The comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht AND Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the PUBLIC SPACEs of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the SPACEs will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of SPACEs AND accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access AND communication in Kasra complex is lower. AND Rezvan has been suitable AND successful. It is said that the increase of connection in PUBLIC SPACEs occurs with the increase of sociability. Extended Abstract Introduction In the PUBLIC SPACE of neighborhoods AND residential environments, the issue of sociability has been less addressed. PUBLIC SPACEs can boost the social life of citizens by strengthening social interactions AND being involved in social sustainability. The residential environment conveys the residents a sense of well-being AND satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to the different arrangements of the blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of the PUBLIC SPACE in it, which, according to the way they are arranged, have different potentials from the point of view of sociability in them. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people AND reduces the sense of belonging to a place, SECURITY, AND other issues caused by not paying attention to the quality of collective life in housing. The main question is: - What are the components of the spatial structure affecting the sociability of residential complexes in the city of Kermanshah?   Methodology The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library AND field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht AND Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, AND the sample size was estimated to be 364 people using the Cochran formula. Factors such as the ease of access to the complexes, the willingness AND cooperation of the residents AND the management of the complexes were also influential in selecting the samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate the sociability of residential complexes based on the theoretical framework prepared in the present research, the physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection AND depth" in each of The studied samples have been evaluated AND analyzed in PUBLIC SPACEs including the playground, gathering SPACE, parking lot, AND lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software AND structural equation modeling software to analyze the data.   Results AND discussion In this research, the relation of sociability of PUBLIC SPACEs of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex AND Zeytoun residential complex as the basis of the research case. Among the samples studied, Rahan residential complex has the lowest connectivity index compared to other complexes; the largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht AND Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the PUBLIC SPACEs of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the SPACEs will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of the SPACEs AND accesses in the Rahan complex is very weak AND lower than the rest of the complexes. According to the numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex AND following that Kasra AND Rezvan complexes are at the same level of performance, AND Azadi AND Hasht Behesht complexes have the best performance in this aspect; the placement of access AND communications in Kasra AND Rezvan complexes has been appropriate AND successful. It is said that the increase of connection in PUBLIC SPACEs occurs with the increase of sociability. Among the investigated sociability components, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient. In the first place the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, AND the multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In the third place, the SECURITY component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in the fourth place, AND the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in the common SPACEs of residential complexes allows one to be with others comfortably AND effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near the door for a short time, AND even sometimes look out of the window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine the condition of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of sociability. The results showed that Rahan residential complex had the lowest level of connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes AND the largest share of this. The comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht AND Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the PUBLIC SPACEs of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the SPACEs will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of SPACEs AND accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access AND communication in Kasra complex is lower. AND Rezvan has been suitable AND successful. It is said that the increase of connection in PUBLIC SPACEs occurs with the increase of sociability.

Purpose: Food SECURITY is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research AND innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food SECURITY AND examine its relationship with patents AND Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food SECURITY by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database AND GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, AND the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the PUBLICation AND citation of scientific outputs related to food SECURITY in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, AND food production index compared to Iran, Japan, AND South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population AND the number of papers, gross production AND the number of papers, food production AND the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents AND papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, AND food SECURITY. Greater emphasis on food SECURITY contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, AND innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, AND innovation positively impact food SECURITY in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, AND ultimately, ensuring food SECURITY in developing countries.

ABSTRACT Right to the city is one of the most important citizenship rights that can be reduced for women under different circumstances. In this mixed research, with in-depth AND semi-structured interviews, a conceptual model has been presented to explain the causal, contextual AND interventional conditions effectively reducing women's right to the city. Then, with the structural equation modeling, the causal conditions affecting the right to the city have been investigated. Family, ethnicity, AND physical AND mental conditions were the most important background conditions that 32 women living in Ahvaz pointed to in order to influence the right to the city. Also, the participants considered politics AND government institutions, law, AND spatial policies as the most important intervention in the women's right to the city. City SECURITY, favorable actions with the city SPACE, SPACE-positive gender performance, AND social welfare were among the most important causal conditions that the participants mentioned in increasing women's right to the city. Causal modeling showed that the most influential reason for reducing women's right to the city of Ahvaz is urban SPACE SECURITY, followed by urban policies AND designs. By multiplying the causal path, it is 0.84, followed by urban planning AND design with a coefficient of 0.79. Governmental AND executive institutions should pay more attention to women's right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of suitable SPACEs with individual differences, especially gender, AND, of course, with an emphasis on women. The creation of safer places in the city for women while increasing the livability of the city for citizens improves women's rights in urban SPACEs Extended abstract Introduction The right to the city is a universal right consisting of several instances. Since the right to the city enables the city inhabitants to access AND enjoy the urban life benefits freely, it is tantamount to the right to freedom. The right to the city, the right to freedom of building AND rebuilding cities, is one of the most valuable AND, at the same time, the most neglected human rights. Among governments, NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) AND political activists in all scales, the right to the city is often conceived in a legal meaning. In this sense, the right to city includes a set of distinct rights to urban resources AND services, shelter, PUBLIC SPACE, clean water, AND education that must be available to all, regardless of social or economic status, the bearers of such rights are urban dwellers AND their guarantor is the government. This legal conception of the right to the city emphasizes universal AND individual rights in the global liberal institutional order. The ultimate normative purpose of a legal right to the city is that the government legally encodes AND enforces the set of rights constituting the right to the city. Justice AND equality have been considered since long ago; however, injustice AND discrimination are still visible in cities. Among all kinds of injustices AND discrimination, gender equality has been a subject marginalized in all ages. In Iran, the need for urban SPACEs for women in accordance with the civil needs of citizens in daily life is felt. In Iran, factors such as various types of urban violence AND inSECURITY, which generally make women victims, have reduced the possibility AND desire for their presence AND participation in PUBLIC. Because the spatial, temporal, official AND unofficial divisions in the city have caused some SPACEs to remain far from the reach of women. In this research, we intend to deal with the most important factors that cause women not to enjoy one of their most essential human rights, which is the right to the city.   Methodology This research, which is practical in terms of purpose, has been done with a confirmatory mixed method; first, it tried to present the most important contextual, interventional, AND causal factors effective in reducing the right to the city of women in the form of a conceptual model by the approach of grounded theory, AND then confirming the defined causal structure with the help of structural equations modeling. The population in this research is Iranian women who are exposed to gender injustice AND do not have the right to a desirable city. Research participants have a deep experience of undermining their right to the city AND are interested in sharing it AND cooperating with the researcher. Sampling was purposefully selected from women with the least amount of the right to the city. The qualitative sample of the research was 32 people, AND the quantitative sample was 420 people. Due to the mixed nature of the research AND the use of the data-driven theory approach AND, afterwards, structural equations to collect the data, the interview was used in the qualitative phase AND questionnaires in the quantitative phase. The interviews were done in-depth, face-to-face AND semi-structured. The open-ended interview questions were conducted in a calm environment without the presence of a third person, AND the time of the interviews varied according to the conditions of the interviewee. The questionnaire used in the research has ascertained an instrument that evaluates the contextual AND causal components AND factors related to the right to the city in the form of self-declaration items. The data obtained from the interview, after being implemented in the form of text, were analyzed AND classified with the help of directed content analysis. In order to investigate the causal structure of the right to the city, structural equation modeling would have been helpful. Analyzes were performed with the help of LISREL 8.8. To estimate the causal path coefficients, the iterated maximum likelihood method was used AND the overall fit of the causal structure model of women’s right to the city was carried out by Chi-square statistic. AND, of course, the most important fit indexes of the model, such as absolute fit indexes, incremental fit indexes AND Parsimonious Normed Fit Indexes (PNFI).   Results AND discussion Directed content analysis helped us to identify the factors reducing the right to the city AND its subclasses of Iranian women. Conditions affecting women's right to the city are divided into underlying conditions, causal conditions, AND intervening conditions. The most critical underlying conditions were family, age, ethnicity, AND physical AND mental characteristics. At the same time, environment SECURITY, urban actions, social welfare, AND SPACE gender functions constituted the essential intervening conditions, AND politics, governmental institutions, law, AND city spatial policies included the most important intervening conditions. Causal modeling also showed that the factors influencing women's right to the city are the most influential to the least influential in the form of (1) SECURITY of the city environment, (2) urban policy-making, (3) gender function of SPACE, AND (4) interaction with the city. SECURITY is one of the most important AND influential factors that can decrease or increase the right to the city for women.   Conclusion The right to the city, which is considered one of the most fundamental rights of citizens, is trampled or reaches its lowest level due to underlying reasons such as the gender of individuals or their families. In this case, women are more vulnerable than the men. In such a way, causal conditions such as environmental SECURITY or urban actions AND, of course, welfare have made this gender difference in the use of city SPACE deeper AND more complicated. Meanwhile, the role of governments AND sovereignty in legislation AND policies should not be neglected to reduce the right to city for women. Our explicit suggestion is for governmental institutions AND executive agencies to pay more attention to women’s right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of more suitable SPACEs in the city, the design of urban SPACEs away from any gender discrimination only with the view of equal access for all AND the creation of safer places for the women living in Ahvaz.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Introduction: Social responsibility from an ethical point of view includes the obligations AND duties of natural AND legal persons towards society AND the environment. The moral behavior of people, like understANDing of social responsibility, depends on their liberal ideology, beliefs AND human values. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to study the relationship between liberalism AND human values with the moral understANDing of social responsibility. Material & Methods: The research method is applied in terms of purpose AND descriptive-correlational survey. The statistical population includes the financial managers of the companies admitted to the stock exchange, AND the questionnaire was rANDomly distributed among them AND 110 questionnaires were received. The sampling method is rANDom. The research tool is a questionnaire AND multivariate regression using SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: The research results show that human values based on PUBLIC interest have a significant AND positive relationship with the moral understANDing of social responsibility. But the thinking of liberalism does not have a meaningful relationship with the moral understANDing of social responsibility. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, human values based on PUBLIC interest can be considered as a tool to strengthen the moral behavior of company managers regarding corporate social responsibility. Also, improving the thinking of liberalism in managers can strengthen their social responsibility. In this case, the policy makers of Stock Exchange can direct the managers of the listed companies to comply more with the social responsibility of the company, through teaching human values AND strengthening those values, as well as monitoring the implementation of ethical regulations

A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical SPACEs, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war AND then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, Middle East countries have a prominent position AND importance in terms of defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the basic dimensions affecting the defense of foreign countries with descriptive AND analytical methods, using library AND field findings AND Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 dimensions. The importance of these dimensions in defense of the Middle East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, SECURITY dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score AND soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction SECURITY AND defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation AND survival of countries. In fact, defense AND military affairs are necessary for countries' independence AND political, cultural AND economic development. Among them, geography AND political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in dimensions (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain SECURITY AND territorial integrity, guarantee independence AND protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise AND appropriate distribution of critical places AND sensitive centers AND infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats AND the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions, AND as a result, it can lead to stability AND stability in the country's geographical SPACE. The design of defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political AND environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external AND internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention AND importance of officials AND governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate AND systematic planning in the geographical SPACE, defense planning is not separate from the flow of national AND regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type AND amount of external AND internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the SECURITY circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military SECURITY. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hAND, there has been a transformation in the form of threats AND wars based on changes AND the movement from hard to soft war AND finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing AND recognizing the components that can be used in defense of countries, including the Middle East countries, have a prominent position AND importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the Middle East has commonalities AND connections that can directly affect the overall defense of this geographical SPACE.   Methodology In terms of type AND purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive AND analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct AND realistic depiction of the defense situation of the Middle East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library AND field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts AND elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience AND expertise regarding the research topic, which is the design of the defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty AND fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-rANDom sampling pattern AND introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-rANDom model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, AND opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the partial least squares method AND the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique AND provides the possibility of checking the theory AND metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results AND discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of lAND use have been discussed. In the meantime, the defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical SPACEs, such as the evolution of military-defense technologies, the connection of geographical SPACEs to each other AND most importantly, the movement from hard AND soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation AND wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical SPACE of their country in terms of defense. Therefore, the defense planning of the Middle East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical AND strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats AND complex defense-SECURITY issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 dimensions, which include 130 components. In the design of the defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight AND importance of the shaping dimensions. In general, it can be said that the defense planning of the Middle East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries AND on the other hAND, considering the developments in the field of threats AND moving from hard to smart war, 15 dimensions should be considered for the defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

PUBLIC SPACEs are expected to provide the setting for many people activities. However, expressing fear on being victimized by people, in general AND by gender, religious AND ethnic minorities, in particular, had impact on their presence -incorporating both in quality AND quantity -in PUBLIC SPACEs. Clearly, emerging fear of crime in urban SPACEs would reduce PUBLIC involvement AND make it allowable under limited AND specific circumstances. Active involvement of women, children AND elderly as well as ethnic AND religious minorities are impressed by this reductionism in defining urban SPACEs AND leads to further civilization AND CONTRACTION of PUBLIC SPACEs in a long time. The major finding of this field study in Tehran presented that some of the unsafe urban SPACEs which invokes physical, mental, physiological AND financial threats for citizens prevented their widespread AND active presence in urban SPACEs AND in better words, CONTRACTION of urban PUBLIC sphere.

Bazaars are among the few historical buildings that still continue to operate. The Bazaar in a city has been important not only from economic aspects but also from cultural AND social aspects. Today, the empty SPACE of such urban SPACEs, which can become a lasting SPACE by creating a sense of belonging AND peace, while meeting the needs of today's people, is felt very much. Sound is one of the main factors in creating memories in the human mind. In order to investigate the role of sound in the traditional architecture of Iran, a research was conducted in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The final goal of this research is to investigate the quantitative AND qualitative conditions of the sound using sound meter software in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The permissible level of noise pollution in urban SPACEs is 60 decibels based on the resolution of the Supreme Council of Environmental Protection of Iran for commercial areas. The results of this research indicate that in the quietest conditions, the noise pollution for at least 33% of the Bazzar SPACE is higher than the maximum allowed amount of noise pollution. How to improve the sound conditions in Vakil Bazzar, such as reducing noise by creating a masking sound source, creating a pond AND a fountain, is one of the most important results of this research.

ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to environmental factors AND increasing awareness AND communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers AND defining factors of design AND planning concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive planning, focusing on the maximum use of environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions AND design methods in the environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner AND seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples AND meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects AND scales of urban planning. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered AND interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification AND recognizability, diversity AND changeability, adaptability AND expANDability, distribution, separation AND continuity, organization AND compatibility in the field of flexibility AND related to the corresponding parts in urban planning   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design AND planning emphasizing the maximum use of environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of environmental quality. As the environmental awareness of contemporary man has expANDed AND the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality AND service provision. Urban developments AND new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the planning AND designing of PUBLIC SPACEs in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in urban SPACE design to open AND discuss its connection AND potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion AND inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning AND be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence AND multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design AND planning of SPACE AND body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design AND planning due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time AND area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social PUBLIC SPACEs," in which being in PUBLIC SPACE, communicating with people AND the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, AND parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hAND, at the same time as the quantitative AND qualitative increase of human environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect AND range of factors. On the other hAND, his life needs in the individual AND collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform AND basic design refers to the concept of understANDing AND responding quickly AND efficiently to environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of environmental design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, AND power of choices of users of the environment in participatory urban planning AND design methods, AND on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality AND, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of environmental users are through selection against the "dominant SPACE." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, AND structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of SPACE components AND SPACEs. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to environmental design in which different values, interests, AND priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in environmental design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design AND planning of the basic environment. The breadth AND complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, AND it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature AND structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture AND urban planning with an environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method AND achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting AND categorizing these concepts AND bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge AND scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach AND the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth AND complexity of these concepts AND the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results AND discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence AND application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability AND adaptability, affect the lifestyle AND behavioral patterns of the audience of environmental design in architecture AND urban planning, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in environmental design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in environmental design impacts the relationship between flexibility AND scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities AND discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, AND strengthening the environmental capacities will lead to a direction AND an area that includes environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the SPACE AND the body within a SPACE building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in urban planning AND architecture is significant in multilevel AND multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency AND adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

A B S T R A C TThe right to the city in urban development goes beyond the physical form AND, at the same time, has a mental AND social meaning, which has been popularized in planning theory AND urban studies after its proposal by Lefebvre. This theory focuses on the residents AND the distinctive features of the SPACE AND believes that the right to the city can only be formulated as the right to the evolved AND renewed urban life. Based on descriptive-explanatory purpose, this research seeks to spatially analyze the components of right to the city in BANDar Abbas. Therefore, after collecting 77 subjective AND objective measures around the research components, the multi-criteria decision-making technique of COPRAS has been exploited to integrate the data in the ArcMap Tools. The findings show that in the current state of urban development in BANDar Abbas, the right to the city in all its aspects, the right to ownership, the right to participation AND the right to difference for the residents have been weakened AND ignored. A share of up to 20.7% of the city SPACE, which is mainly directed to the wealthy neighborhoods AND parts of the central areas of the city, as well as parts of new developments, the right to the city has been more manifested, AND in about 19.8% of the city SPACEs. Mainly applicable to informal settlements AND slums of the city, this right has been undermined AND ignoredExtended AbstractIntroductionThe right to the city as a physical, mental AND social concept seeks a fundamental change in dealing with urban planning AND development issues, which has been popularized in planning theory AND urban studies after its proposal by Lefebvre. This theory focuses on the residents AND the distinctive features of the SPACE AND believes that the right to the city can only be formulated as the right to the evolved AND renewed urban life. In other words, this theory is a call for the priority of the consumption value of the city against its exchange value, which can only be pursued through the analysis of urban issues in the framework of the "city SPACE" metaphor in the right to the city. It is a fundamental change in the city to create opportunities AND SPACE for citizens to meet AND achieve their needs. MethodologyFrom a descriptive-explanatory purpose, this research seeks to spatially analyze the explanatory components of urban development in BANDar Abbas from the perspective of the right to the city. In this research, by collecting 77 subjective AND objective measures, the COPRAS multi-criteria decision-making technique has been used to integrate data in the ArcMap environment. Citizens are the source of mental data, official documents AND maps are the objective data, AND experts are the relative weight of the criteria. It should be mentioned that to guarantee the validity of the content based on the guidance of supervisors AND advisors, the collective opinion of university experts AND the use of similar studies were exerted. The reliability of the questionnaire was also tested by Cronbach's alpha method, AND the value of the alpha coefficient (0.866) indicates the high reliability of the questionnaire. Results AND discussionThe findings show that in the current state of urban development in BANDar Abbas, the right to the city in all its aspects, including the right to possession, the right to participation, AND the right to difference for the residents, has been weakened AND ignored. A review of the findings shows that the social function of the city's real estate AND lAND, with a coefficient of 0.136, followed by environmental justice, with a coefficient of 0.131, has the greatest impact on the urban development of BANDar Abbas. On the other hAND, socio-spatial justice in the process of taking over SPACE, with a coefficient of 0.106, shows the lowest level of influence in the development of BANDar Abbas compared to other components of the right to the city. The results show that about 20% of the area of BANDar Abbas city is in a very unfavorable situation compared to the components of urban development based on the right to the city approach. These areas of the city are SPACEs where the residents' right to the city has been severely denied, AND they are deprived of taking over the city SPACE.In this regard, the results show that 20.7% of the city's SPACE, mainly focused on wealthy neighborhoods, parts of the city's central areas, AND parts of Mehr's housing, has the right to a greater manifestation of the city. The city's SPACE is more in line with its residents. As shown in the spatial distribution of the urban development components of BANDar Abbas based on the right to the city approach, the possession of SPACE through the right to presence, the accessibility of residents to the opportunities AND resources of the city, as well as the fair distribution of facilities AND services play a decisive role in urban development. However, as the results show, it is the difference that gives meaning to the urban SPACE, AND therefore the SPACE must provide the conditions for the city to play a role in meeting the needs of all city groups. The requirement of this role is the central position of the residents in making decisions about the city SPACE, which is a unique way to realize the right to the city. ConclusionAs Brenner states, the right to the city is a call to create "cities for people, not for profit." In this definition, urban development is more than a physical thing AND has a mental AND social dimension at the same time. In terms of the right to the city, the right to possession, the right to participation, AND the right to difference form the trinity of urban development AND the guiding light of these three principles that determine the quality of a different city. Unfortunately, urban development in BANDar Abbas has weakened AND denied residents' rights. The zoning resulting from the spatial analysis shows that about 19.8% of the city's SPACEs, which mainly correspond to informal settlements AND poor neighborhoods, this right has been weakened AND ignored. From the theoretical aspect of the right to the city, this event originates from the SPACE as an economic AND physical thing exchanged in the market, not a consumption thing formed by the citizens AND in social interaction with the SPACE. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Lactation length is different in individual cows, which is generally converted to a 305-day stANDard using curve fitting models for genetic AND management practices. Individual curves do not have a stANDard shape in all cases, AND can deviate from the stANDard pattern according to factors such as individual differences, AND type of fitted models. These non-stANDard curves, called atypical, resulted from incorrect estimated parameters of the curves; which consist of: continuously increasing or decreasing AND reversed stANDards. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of atypical curves in estimation of 305-day milk production, by fitting two nonlinear models? Wood (empirical) AND Pollott (biological), on 7659 AND 6692 test-day milk yield of 977 AND 776 first calving Iranian Simmental AND Jersey cows, during 2007-2020, using R software. Different patterns obtained based on the combination of increasing (b) AND decreasing (c) phase parameters of curves. The number of stANDard curves from the Pollott AND Wood models were 85.5% AND 62.2% for Simmental, AND 83.1% AND 70.6% for Jersey cows, respectively. Only continuously increasing curves were observed in both breeds in Pollott model (14.8% AND 16.9%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively); Whereas in Wood model, all 3 groups of atypical curves were observed, which the reversed stANDard was the most (22.3% AND 16.5%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively). Based on the findings, at the time of stANDardizing the production of dairy cows (national evaluations), not only differences between breeds, but also special attention to the production of atypical curves, should be paid (to correct or discard them).